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Modern Pcb Design – A Revolution In Technology

Mar 21st, 2011
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Modern Pcb Design – A Revolution In Technology

Modern pcb layout tools must fulfil a number of functions. They must be able to cope with complex tasks in miniature, whilst being fast and accurate in use. They must have easily downloadable software, be straightforward and be able to cope with a complex variety of tasks.

Cadence pcb design tools are typical of the software used by design companies today. They vary from low-cost tools suitable for individual pcb designers and small layout teams, to Cadence Allegro – one of the most popular systems in use today, with a range of options for designing integrated circuits, pcb’s and packages.

The Cadence Allegro pcb design layout and routing platform is electrical and physical constraint driven, meaning it is ideal for today’s intricate micro-circuitry layouts. User friendly, it contains everything the engineer needs to create complex printed circuit boards – from initial concepts onwards. It offers a smooth, integrated design flow which design creation and layout; interactive routing; editing capabilities and library creation. It also features manufacturing and mechanical CAD interfaces, allowing seamless integration of one area of a project into the next. The design partitioning makes it suitable for large, widely dispersed teams of engineers.

Pcb design services often utilise more than one platform, so it’s essential the user interface of each is comprehensive and easy to use. The Allegro is both intuitive and consistent, which is why it is so popular with design services like us at Concept Cad. Push-shove editing, optional global route environment technology, interactive component placement and constraint-driven design flow management are just some of the features it incorporates.

Modern designers are looking for solutions that allow them to build dense, complex printed circuit boards with high-speed interfaces and advanced configurations. Intelligent, automated planning and routing is a big plus. The Cadence Allegro delivers all this and more – which is why it’s so popular with professional pcb layout services.

The Article is written by conceptcad.com providing pcb design and pcb design services Services. Visit http://www.conceptcad.com for more information on conceptcad.com Products & Services___________________________Copyright information This article is free for reproduction but must be reproduced in its entirety, including live links & this copyright statement must be included. Visit conceptcad.com for more services!


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Vango tents offer a design for every kind of camping trip

Feb 27th, 2011
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Vango tents offer a design for every kind of camping trip

Vango tents come highly recommended for their quality and design, as well as the wide variety of options available to suit everyone from the first-time camper to the seasoned backpacker or family group.

The Adventure range for instance comprises budget tents in a choice of designs, including tunnel tents such as the Zetes 300 and semi-geodesic structures like the Sigma 300. These tents are excellent value for money and provide a positive introduction to camping.

Popup tents have been becoming more ‘pop’ ular, as those new to camping often find pitching a tent can be awkward and off-putting and sometimes, if a blustery shower moves in, a quick pitch means sitting safely inside the tent instead of struggling with wet, flapping material and poles. Vango’s popup tents range from a beginner’s single-skin version to more sturdy and weatherproof options such as the Dart DS 300. There are also a couple of tepee-style tents, such as the Juno Tepee 300, where there is no separate inner and the emphasis is on simplicity and sociability.

Vango’s Weekend tents are ideal for families or couples having a short break. These tents can sleep from three to eight people depending on the design, and offer different arrangements in terms of living and sleeping compartments. The family can safely slumber in bedrooms laid out next to one another in a tent like the Artemis 600 or, if more privacy is required, they can snore away at opposite ends of the living area in the Breakout 6 DLX. More technical tents in the range, such as the Nevis 600, have an even more waterproof flysheet and use alloy poles instead of steel, making the tent lighter.

If separate sleeping chambers are preferred, the Colorado 600 DLX could be suitable, with its three individual bedroom pods arranged at intervals around a central dome, together with a porch space at one end. Vango’s Premium family tents offer the most space, comfort and flexibility of all, with options such as the Monte Verde 900 sleeping up to nine in a light, airy and customisable structure.

Cotton offers a cooler, more breathable alternative to nylon, and Vango has produced a Classic range using polycotton. The Aruba 600 is one such tent, which also sports alloy poles, a sewn-in groundsheet and a stable tunnel design, providing a delightful camping experience. For the environmentally conscious camper Vango offers an Eco range, with designs such as the Green Bean 350, where almost the entire tent apart from the groundsheet, zippers and poles is manufactured from recycled plastic bottles.

Vango caters for backpackers and those who like to camp in the mountains, with an assortment of strong, lightweight tents ranging from the one person, single skin, Ultralite 100, weighing only one kilo, to the immensely stable Hurricane 200, which should stand up to most conditions the weather can throw at it. At Outdoor World Direct we have found these lightweight tents are popular with participants in the Duke of Edinburgh award scheme.

Emma writes articles on Outdoor World Direct’s <a rel=”nofollow” onclick=”javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/outgoing/article_exit_link']);” href=”http://www.outdoorworlddirect.co.uk/acatalog/tent_section.html” title=”Tents”> tents </a> including product guides on <a rel=”nofollow” onclick=”javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/outgoing/article_exit_link']);” href=”http://www.outdoorworlddirect.co.uk/acatalog/vango_tents.html” title=”Vango tents offer a design for every kind of camping trip”>Vango tents offer a design for every kind of camping trip</a>.


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Comprehending PCB design

Feb 26th, 2011
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Comprehending PCB design

PCBs, or printed circuit boards, are found wherever there are electronic components. Whenever you see an electronic gizmo, a PCB layout is at its heart. PCB design is an essential element of business and leisure.

A PCB designer etches, or traces, conductive pathways from copper sheets that have been laminated onto a non-conductive base. This provides an electronic pathway to connect various electronic components together. Together, they are known as a printed circuit board assembly.

PCB layout is a complex and challenging skill. However, the low cost, high reliability, and high-volume speed of PCB design has seen it take over from older methods like point-to-point circuits.

PCB layout has been made a lot easier in recent years with the development of specialised software tools. However, it is still a specialised task needing a high degree of patience and concentration.  PCB design services remain dependent on maintaining very high standards.

It is important that the PCB layout is accurate, and the correct board is used. The conducting layers are made of thin copper foil, while the non-conducting, or insulating layers are composed from a variety of different substrates, laminated together with epoxy resin. It is pivotal to choose the right type of substrate as this will affect the insulating properties of the board. Similarly, the width of the trace will affect the resistance of the circuit.

We at Concept CAD employ highly skilled PCB designers and the very latest PCB layout tools, such as Cadence Allegro, to create complex PCB designs for a wide range of applications.

The Article is written by conceptcad.com providing PCB Design and PCB Design Services Products. Visit http://www.conceptcad.com for more information on conceptcad.com Products & Services___________________________
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This article is free for reproduction but must be reproduced in its entirety, including live links & this copyright statement must be included. Visit conceptcad.com for more services!


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Vango tents offer a design for every kind of camping trip

Feb 21st, 2011
by admin.
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Vango tents offer a design for every kind of camping trip

Vango tents come highly recommended for their quality and design, as well as the wide variety of options available to suit everyone from the first-time camper to the seasoned backpacker or family group.

The Adventure range for instance comprises budget tents in a choice of designs, including tunnel tents such as the Zetes 300 and semi-geodesic structures like the Sigma 300. These tents are excellent value for money and provide a positive introduction to camping.

Popup tents have been becoming more ‘pop’ ular, as those new to camping often find pitching a tent can be awkward and off-putting and sometimes, if a blustery shower moves in, a quick pitch means sitting safely inside the tent instead of struggling with wet, flapping material and poles. Vango’s popup tents range from a beginner’s single-skin version to more sturdy and weatherproof options such as the Dart DS 300. There are also a couple of tepee-style tents, such as the Juno Tepee 300, where there is no separate inner and the emphasis is on simplicity and sociability.

Vango’s Weekend tents are ideal for families or couples having a short break. These tents can sleep from three to eight people depending on the design, and offer different arrangements in terms of living and sleeping compartments. The family can safely slumber in bedrooms laid out next to one another in a tent like the Artemis 600 or, if more privacy is required, they can snore away at opposite ends of the living area in the Breakout 6 DLX. More technical tents in the range, such as the Nevis 600, have an even more waterproof flysheet and use alloy poles instead of steel, making the tent lighter.

If separate sleeping chambers are preferred, the Colorado 600 DLX could be suitable, with its three individual bedroom pods arranged at intervals around a central dome, together with a porch space at one end. Vango’s Premium family tents offer the most space, comfort and flexibility of all, with options such as the Monte Verde 900 sleeping up to nine in a light, airy and customisable structure.

Cotton offers a cooler, more breathable alternative to nylon, and Vango has produced a Classic range using polycotton. The Aruba 600 is one such tent, which also sports alloy poles, a sewn-in groundsheet and a stable tunnel design, providing a delightful camping experience. For the environmentally conscious camper Vango offers an Eco range, with designs such as the Green Bean 350, where almost the entire tent apart from the groundsheet, zippers and poles is manufactured from recycled plastic bottles.

Vango caters for backpackers and those who like to camp in the mountains, with an assortment of strong, lightweight tents ranging from the one person, single skin, Ultralite 100, weighing only one kilo, to the immensely stable Hurricane 200, which should stand up to most conditions the weather can throw at it. At Outdoor World Direct we have found these lightweight tents are popular with participants in the Duke of Edinburgh award scheme.

Emma writes articles on Outdoor World Direct’s <a rel=”nofollow” onclick=”javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/outgoing/article_exit_link']);” href=”http://www.outdoorworlddirect.co.uk/acatalog/tent_section.html” title=”Tents”> tents </a> including product guides on <a rel=”nofollow” onclick=”javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/outgoing/article_exit_link']);” href=”http://www.outdoorworlddirect.co.uk/acatalog/vango_tents.html” title=”Vango tents offer a design for every kind of camping trip”>Vango tents offer a design for every kind of camping trip</a>.


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Outdoor Stone Fireplace Design – What are your Various Options?

Dec 31st, 2010
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Outdoor Stone Fireplace Design – What are your Various Options?

For many homeowners, there is nothing quite like an outdoor stone fireplace design. They can dramatically change your home’s landscape as well as provide a peaceful feeling. Here are some simple tips to get you started with your outdoor stone fireplace design.

With any type of outdoor fireplace made with stone you will have several options in materials.

-Natural stones – This is the most common material of all outdoor fireplace design. You have the ability to pick from an endless array of natural stones that you can use any way you see fit.

They can be used in the entire fireplace design or only in certain parts of the fireplace. For example, you could have a stone fireplace with a wood mantle or a stone mantle if you desire.

Stone is a very low maintenance material that only requires water sealing every few years. It is also extremely durable.

-Cultured stone – This is another option for any outdoor stone fireplace design. The difference with this type of stone is that it is a cast stone. This means its lighter, can be made into different sizes, and it is much easier to handle and set in place. If you haven’t looked at this option you might want to.

- Marble/Limestone/Slate/Granite – These are all other popular materials for an outdoor fireplace. Marble is expensive, but has a multitude of design capabilities. Granite works well due to its ease in being cleaned as well as the fact that it is the ultimate in no maintenance.

A stone outdoor fireplace design is one of those areas where you can really use your imagination with. There is no “one” set option, only what you would like.

All Rights Reserved Worldwide. Reprint Rights: You may reprint this article as long as you leave all of the links active and do not edit the article in any way.

By the way, you can learn more about an Outdoor Stone Fireplace Design as well as much more information on all types of fireplace designs at http://www.FireplaceDesignTips.com


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Structural Engineering Service, Structural Steel Design

Dec 30th, 2010
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Structural Engineering Service, Structural Steel Design

Structural designing is part of the structural engineering. We can design each and every part of the structure customize as per requirement of the architect. One of the most important aspects of the structural design for architect is erection and configuration of the structural components. Structural designing various form types of structures like R.C.C Structure, Steel Structure, Pre Engineering Structure, Precast Structures. Steel structure is mostly used in high rise building and non building structure. Structural engineer design the structure which supports system of building, skyscrapers to bridges, automobiles to ships, pipelines to rocket gantries. Structural engineer design the structure with columns, beams, plates, and other structural engineering elements. Structural engineer design the structure with help of architects and all other engineering team members.

Structural engineers also inspect, analyze, design, plan and research structural systems. While designing the structure they take into account mainly the technical, economic and environmental concerns. It is the Structural Engineers who design buildings, towers and bridges. They make sure that the buildings and bridges are strong enough to withstand structural loads such as gravity, different types of climate, earthquake etc. They study the durability of the materials used in the construction against possible deterioration in the long run.

Structural Engineers also project engineers who are always present at the site. It is the responsibility of the project engineers to direct the team of individuals, keep track of the project and the economic factors for future jobs. In short he plays a major role in every stage of the work and post-production support.

Structural Engineering Outsourcing Services mainly involves 2D Drafting and Designing, 3D Modeling, CAD steel detailing services and Steel Structure Detailing. Outsourcing structural services has the top companies in India offering you all these services at very cost effective rates. Some of the other detailed services provided by us are CAD conversion, Paper to CAD, analysis services, shop drawings, fabrication drawings, construction drawings, erection layout, anchor bolt layout, stairs and handrail, grating and platform, foundation layout, R.C.C detailing, post tension slab detailing, wooden structure detailing, prefabricated water retaining structure detailing, bridge detailing, R.C.C structure detailing, hydraulic structure detailing and the list goes on. Every minute detail is well taken care of by our expert team.

To get more detail about Structural designing, Structural engineer, Structure detailing SteelConstructionDetailing is the place where you find perfect structural engineer services.


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Structural Engineering for 3D Steel Building Design

Dec 27th, 2010
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Structural Engineering for 3D Steel Building Design

The structural engineering is a field of technology treating the structural analysis and the structural design which support or resist loads economically. The structural engineering is usually considered a speciality in civil engineering and structural steel detailing.

Structural engineers frequently expertise in particular fields, such as bridge engineering, steel buildings engineering, pipeline engineering, industrial structures or special structures. Structural engineering design services includes various significant element such as beams, walls, column and floor, because structural design and analysis is essentially responsible for 3D building structural design.

Structural steel building engineering design includes all structural engineering related to the 3D design of buildings. It is the division of structural engineering that is close to architecture. The 3D structural design for a building must guarantee that the building is able to stand up securely, able to function without extreme deflections or movements that may cause exhaustion of structural elements, cracking or failure of fixtures, fittings or partitions, or discomfort for occupants. The 3D structural design of modern buildings can be extremely difficult, and often requires a large team to complete.

Structural engineering specialties for buildings include:
• Earthquake Engineering
• Facade Engineering
• Fire Engineering
• Roof Engineering
• Tower Engineering
• Wind Engineering

Structural engineers examine 3d steel buildings during and after building construction and supervise the use of the concrete, steel and timber of which they are completed. They must also be conscious of both noticeable and imperceptible uses for the structures and how these uses affect its 3d structural design.

Structural engineers analyze, design, plan and research structural components and structural systems. Structural engineer can choose which construction method should be used to present a most constructive 3d building design that is easy to implement and cost-effective. A high-quality 3D structural design engineer can save your money, time and efforts.

Every building construction project requires a structural engineer to utilize diverse examine. Structural engineers are responsible for 3d building design and efficient use of funds, structural elements and materials to achieve these goals. For more information, please visit http://www.structuralcaddservices.com

Structural CADD Services is a leading structural engineering firm of structural design and 3d steel building design. For more information about cost effective structural design and analysis, please visit at: http://www.structuralcaddservices.com or contact us at: info@structuralcaddservices.com


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A typical day in the life of a young, female structural engineer.
Video Rating: 4 / 5

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How To Design Your Own Cotton Bag for Life

Dec 23rd, 2010
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How To Design Your Own Cotton Bag for Life

Use of Cotton Bags for Life has increased in recent years due to their positive influence on the environment in terms of lowering waste . Many responsible shoppers are now using re-usable cotton bags for their shopping and large stores actively sell them over the counter in a bid to reduce the number of carrier bags given to customers. Plain bags are normally sold for their nominal sum, but if you want to standout from the crowd, bags with design could fetch considerably more. Another option which is much cheaper and more special is to design your very own bag for life, using your very own creative skills and your home printer. Let’s get to work.

How To Design Your Own Cotton Bag for Life:

A. Purchase a Plain Cotton Bag – The first step is to purchase a plain re-usable and biodegradable bag from your local store. You might want to purchase a pack of at least 5 bags to apply different designs and to experiment.

B. Prepare Your Design – Not only images could be applied on the bag, but also text using notepad or Word. If you decided to print an image onto the bag, download an image to your computer and ensure the quality is high, the image isn’t pixelated and that you are allowed to use the image.

C. Purchase Transfer Paper – Using your own home or office printer, the design should be printed onto a special transfer paper to finally ironed on the bag. Transfer paper also known as iron on paper is available for light or dark cotton bags.

D. Iron The Design Onto The Bag – The most important phase is delivering the design from the transfer paper to the bag and it includes the following steps.

Step 1 – Set your printer to work optimally with the type of paper you bought. For HP printers choose iron on paper (can be found under special paper), for Epson printers choose plain paper and tick ‘flip horizontal’ to create a mirror image and for Canon printers choose iron on t shirt paper

Step 2 – Lay the bag on to a stable hard surface (not an ironing board) and using a hot iron with a min 1200w iron the transfer paper all over for a few seconds to fix it on to the bag. Iron systematically in small cycles every part of the transfer, spending 5-10 seconds in each position.

Step 3 – Peel off the backing material and the bag is ready.

Enjoy your cotton bag for life.

Joseph Eitan is the founder of Photo Paper Direct online sellers of high quality photo papers and print cartridges


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Comprehending PCB design

Dec 10th, 2010
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Comprehending PCB design

PCBs, or printed circuit boards, are found wherever there are electronic components. Whenever you see an electronic gizmo, a PCB layout is at its heart. PCB design is an essential element of business and leisure.

A PCB designer etches, or traces, conductive pathways from copper sheets that have been laminated onto a non-conductive base. This provides an electronic pathway to connect various electronic components together. Together, they are known as a printed circuit board assembly.

PCB layout is a complex and challenging skill. However, the low cost, high reliability, and high-volume speed of PCB design has seen it take over from older methods like point-to-point circuits.

PCB layout has been made a lot easier in recent years with the development of specialised software tools. However, it is still a specialised task needing a high degree of patience and concentration.  PCB design services remain dependent on maintaining very high standards.

It is important that the PCB layout is accurate, and the correct board is used. The conducting layers are made of thin copper foil, while the non-conducting, or insulating layers are composed from a variety of different substrates, laminated together with epoxy resin. It is pivotal to choose the right type of substrate as this will affect the insulating properties of the board. Similarly, the width of the trace will affect the resistance of the circuit.

We at Concept CAD employ highly skilled PCB designers and the very latest PCB layout tools, such as Cadence Allegro, to create complex PCB designs for a wide range of applications.

The Article is written by conceptcad.com providing PCB Design and PCB Design Services Products. Visit http://www.conceptcad.com for more information on conceptcad.com Products & Services___________________________
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This article is free for reproduction but must be reproduced in its http://articlesbase.toolbarhome.com/partners/articlesbase/download/articlesbase.xpientirety, including live links & this copyright statement must be included. Visit conceptcad.com for more services!


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[www.nexlogic.com] In the PCB layout phase, NexLogic engineers create board files and identify its netlist which is a connections list between different components on a board. This step is followed by library creation for components, whereby engineers review the component datasheets containing mechanical dimensions, footprints, package types, symbols, decals and pad stacks.
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Specification-Based Test Design Techniques as per ISTQB Advanced Level Syllabus

Nov 30th, 2010
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Specification-Based Test Design Techniques as per ISTQB Advanced Level Syllabus

Specification-Based Test Design Techniques as per ISTQB Advanced Level Syllabus

Test analysts and technical test analysts lay major attention to design, implementation and execution of tests using various testing techniques. Specification-based techniques are one of such techniques.

Specification-based techniques are popular by more refined names like behavior-based techniques or Black Box test design techniques. These techniques can be used for any level of test activity. These are used by both test analysts and technical test analysts, but exploited mainly by the test analysts.

Code is designed and developed from the software requirement’s specifications (SRS) documents being the primary input documents. Likewise specification-based test techniques too are based upon the test conditions & test cases derived from the SRS documents.

We can make our specifications that can be in the form of text documents, pictures, models, compilation of features, or any other document which could help us in understanding as to what we expect from the software & how it is going to accomplish that.

Test coverage is represented by the percentage of the specified items addressed by the designed tests. Coverage of all the specified items does not necessarily indicate complete test coverage, but it does indicate that we have addressed what was specified. For further coverage, we may need to look for additional information.

ISTQB Advanced Level syllabus addresses following seven types of specification-based techniques

1) Equivalence Partitioning:

Brief Description: It involves grouping of test conditions into various partitions, which are handled in the same way.

Coverage Criteria: Number of Coverage Partitions / Total No. of Partitions

2) Boundary Value Analysis (BVA):

Brief Description: It involves defining boundaries of the partitions & testing for them thereafter.

Coverage Criteria: Number of Distinct Boundary Values covered / Total No. of Boundary Values

3) Decision table testing / cause-effect graphing:

Brief Description: It involves defining & testing for different combinations of conditions.

Coverage Criteria: Number of combinations of conditions covered / Maximum No. of combinations of conditions

4) State transition Tables:

Brief Description: It involves Identification of all types of valid states & transitions, which need to be tested.

Coverage Criteria: For single transitions, the coverage metrics is the percentage of all valid transitions exercised during test. This is known as 0-switch coverage. For n-transitions the coverage measure is the percentage of all valid sequences of n-transitions exercised during the test. This is known as (n-1) switch coverage

5) All pair testing / Orthogonal Array Testing:

Brief Description: It involves Identification of various combinations of configurations that need to be tested.

6) Classification Tree Method:

Brief Description: It involves the use of graphical notations to describe the classes or test conditions and combinations handled by the test cases.

Coverage Criteria: It depends upon the technique applied, e.g. pair wise is distinct from classification trees.

7) Use Case Testing:

Brief Description: It involves Identification of various usage scenarios & then testing accordingly.

Coverage Criteria: No formal criteria apply.
 
Sometimes one or more of these techniques are combined to create our tests. For example, the conditions identified in a decision table might be subjected to equivalence partitioning to discover multiple ways in which a condition might be satisfied. Tests would then cover not only every combination of conditions, but also, for those conditions which are partitioned, additional tests would be generated to cover the equivalence partitions.

http://www.softwaretestinggenius.com A Storehouse of Complete Knowledge on Software Testing & QA under one Roof


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